Dr. Shuvanan Ray, Director, Cardiology, Fortis Hospital Anandapur, Kolkata
Athletes are often seen as the embodiment of physical strength, and endurance. With toned muscles, rigorous training routines, and exceptional stamina, it’s easy to assume their hearts are in perfect shape. But behind this image of fitness, some athletes may unknowingly carry silent cardiac risks. Sudden Cardiac Arrest (SCA)—a condition where the heart abruptly stops beating—is one such threat that can strike even the fittest individuals, often with little to no warning.
According to the National Library of Medicine, India reports approximately 4.6 sports-related sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs) per 1 million people annually. This rising concern highlights the urgent need for proactive cardiac screening and awareness, especially among competitive and recreational athletes.
What Triggers Sudden Cardiac Arrest in Athletes?
SCA is usually caused by undiagnosed heart problems that may not show up in regular fitness checks. Common conditions include:
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM): The heart muscle becomes too thick, making it harder to pump blood—especially dangerous during intense activity.
- ARVC (Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy): Fat or scar tissue replaces heart muscle, leading to dangerous irregular heartbeats.
- Congenital Coronary Artery Issues: Abnormal arteries that limit blood flow during exertion.
- Electrical Disorders (like Long QT Syndrome): These affect the heart’s rhythm and can trigger collapse during physical or emotional stress.
- Myocarditis: Inflammation of the heart, often after viral infections or COVID-19.
Warning Signs Not to Ignore
Athletes should never ignore signs like:
- Fainting during or after exercise
- Chest pain or breathlessness
- Rapid or irregular heartbeat
- Family history of sudden death below age 50
These may seem minor but could signal a serious issue.
Why Cardiac Screening Matters for Athletes
Fitness doesn’t always mean a healthy heart. Many heart conditions causing SCA show no symptoms but can be detected through simple tests. That’s why routine heart check-ups are essential—especially for those involved in high-intensity sports.
What should be included in a cardiac screening?
- A detailed physical exam
- ECG (Electrocardiogram) to detect rhythm issues
- Echocardiogram to check heart structure
- Family history review
These checks can help identify risks early and prevent sudden tragedies on the field.
Heart Health Tips for Athletes
- Take chest pain, fainting, or breathlessness seriously
- Avoid steroids or overtraining
- Give your body time to recover after illness
- Get regular heart evaluations, especially before tournaments or events
Sudden Cardiac Arrest may be rare—but it’s real. Staying alert, getting screened, and being prepared can protect lives and careers.
